Parts of Suspension : Spring

The kind of spring, that usually to use is coil spring, leaf spring, torsion rod spring, air spring, and rubber spring
Coil Spring made from steel spring steel with treatment heat. Coil spring must use a long arm to hold the wheels on alignment. Coil spring usually use on passenger vehicle to give comfort.
Leaf Spring made from steel spring with treatment heat. Leaf spring hold pivot and wheels on alignment without additional arm. Leaf Spring usually use on truck and commercial vehicle.
The long torsion rod spring made specially from heat treatment and twisted on under suspension arm and others top placed on vehicle framework.
Air Spring use on big vehicle like bus. Air Spring is additional power with wave rubber, which contains high pressure air like spring and need suspension arm.
Rubber Spring use on small vehicle, need suspension arm and combination with hidraulic system. Read More..

Purpose and Parts of Suspension

Suspension use to:

- Spring became available to place on each wheels and body to reduce the whells shock.
- Save the wheels on true alignment, so can move to up and down on their springs
Parts of Suspension :
- Spring
- Suspension arm
- Suspension pivot
- Shock absorber
- Stabilizer
- Bump stop
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Fuel Pulsation Damper

Fuel Pulsation Damper use to absorb the pressure evolving on pressure channel because of injection. Pressure Regulator will defend the fuel pressure in intake manifold Read More..

Pressure Regulator

Pressure Regulator use to control the fuel pressure to injectors. The fuel sum which injected, control from signal, which give to injector. So, the pressure on each injector is same. The fuel and a situation in which vacuum exists pressure on input channel must around 2,55kg/cm3. Read More..

Fuel Pump

Fuel Pump use to distribute fuel from tank to injector. There are 2 kinds of fuel pump:
- Electronic pump:
Electronic pump can place anywhere on fuel channel. Electronic pump use electronic power for pump the fuel when the engine start and when the engine is on.
- Mechanic pump:
Mechanic pump place beside engine and moved by crankshaft Read More..

Fuel Tank

Fuel tank usually place on back and on the bottom of a car. Fuel tank use to take in the fuel. On passenger vehicle, fuel tank made from thick steel sheet. Fuel tank place on a vehicle with a filter. On the fuel tank, there is a meter for measure the fuel height for know the fuel sum unit sender.
Sender unit consists of a float, which connect to electronic resistor coil. The fuel indicator can read on panel instrument. There is a separate metal sheet on fuel tank for reduce fuel surface. Read More..

EFI (Electronic Fuel Injection)

EFI (Electronic Fuel Injection) use on petrol engine to change carburetor. EFI (Electronic Fuel Injection) is better than use carburetor.
EFI (Electronic Fuel Injection) can difference became 2 kinds:
- D-EFI (Speed Density Control Type) – base on a situation in which vacuum exists in
intake manifold and air volume sensor base on thickness.
- L-EFI (Mass Flow Control Type)- Air sum which in to intake manifold control with air flow meter.
L-EFI is better than D-EFI to detect air sum entering.
EFI (Electronic Fuel Injection) is better than use carburetor because:
Ignition is better and HC on throw gas more low, specially during the speed decrease. On - This time, the input air reduce and a situation in which vacuum exists is big. On
carburetor, the fuel, which on input channel will go into combustion chamber because happen a situation in which vacuum exists suddenly. The mix became good, so the ignition (combustion) isn’t good and HC became much. On EFI, the fuel injection can ended when the air valve close.
- Motor can easily turn on low temperature. If use carburetor it’s more difficult. On EFI, if on low temperature, the fuel spray do with cold start injection.
- Better reaction when the gas pedal pressed because the injection equipment on EFI (Electronic Fuel Injection) is near from combustion chamber. The fuel pressed with bigger pressure than the pressure in intake manifold. So, the air mix can go to combustion chamber faster and the ignition happen faster. On carburetor the distance of carburetor is far. So, the ignition happen slower.
- Compare of air and petrol is always exact. It’s not on carburetor because carburetor has
many speed system.
- On each cylinder, there is an injector. The injection volume controlled from computer. So, the mix on each cylinder is same and the petrol distribution is good.

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Part of Engine : Valve State

Valve state can prevent oil damage by leakage between valve rod and valve companion. The kinds of valve state is:
- Ring, which placed on channel on valve rod. Rod closer seal with defender, prevent the
defender connected directly with oil and valve rod.
- Umbrella seal placed on valve rod. Umbrella seal shape is look like a big umbrella seal.
It placed on the top of rod and move with valve.
- Closer seal / cup seal placed on the top of companion and placed static. Read More..

Part of Engine : Valve Spring

Valve spring made from special steel. Valve spring can operated on high speed. Valve spring is very flexible to make pulsation. Valve spring can make valve go up and down. Valve spring also can return others components from valve mover. Read More..

Part of Engine : Cylinder Head Gasket

Cylinder Head Gasket is a closer seal between cylinder head and cylinder block.
Cylinder Head Gasket use for prevent:
- Gas damage by leakage from combustion chamber.
- Water damage by leakage from water jacket.
- Oil damage by leakage from oil channel.
Cylinder Head Gasket can make the engine more efficient because high pressure and high temperature from ignition. Gasket made from :
- Metal sheet steel or other metal, so closer positive around all open channel
- Asbestos which close with copper, brass, or steel.
Cylinder Head Gasket can also make from other composite materials. Read More..

Part of Engine : Cylinder Head

Cylinder head locate on the top of cylinder block. Cylinder head use to close the top of of cylinder. So, the pressure from ignition can move to piston. Cylinder head use to place spark plug, solar injector, water jacket, and valves. That parts use to ignition system. The cylinder head surface do sensitive. That cause input and output pipe can place good with give seal, closer, or gasket. Cylinder head made from pour iron or aluminum mix. Aluminum is good because it’s light and good conductor. Valve state and valve companion on cylinder head must made from hard metal and place on cylinder head. Pour iron make valve state and valve companion can became one unit. Cylinder head place on the top of cylinder block with bolts and binder nut. Seal closer became effective if between the two components coated with special gasket which endure from high pressure and high temperature for hold back combustion chamber Read More..

Part of Engine : Crank Case

Crank Case is a lowest part from cylinder block. Crank Case made from pour iron or pour steel. Crank Case can became a unit with block cylinder, but also can separate, which bolt on block cylinder. The oil channel between the two components must can continued and no damage by leakage, so placed gasket or seal. Read More..

Part of Engine : Valve Companion

Valve Companion is a place where valve can go up or down. Valve Companion made from pour iron and place and cylinder head. Read More..

Part of Engine : Valve

Valve use to control the mix of air and fuel go into combustion chamber or out from combustion chamber. Valve can difference became two. There are input valve and output valve. When input valve open, the mix of air and fuel go into combustion chamber. After the ignition, output valve will open. Read More..

Part of Engine : Flywheel

Flywheel is a heavy metal. It locate on back of crankshaft. Flywheel save the energy when each piston move the crankshaft until then next piston energy. Flywheel save energy from crankshaft, so the rotation became more average. Read More..

Part of Engine : Connecting Rod /Activator Rod

Connecting rod connect piston with crankshaft. Connecting rod move piston power, so it move crankshaft. It make up and down moving from piston became circle moving.
Conectiing rod make from steel mix. On the top of connecting rod, there is a small cushion, which the hole is place for torison pen / piston pen. On the bottom , there is a big cushion. It’s place for crankshaft. Big cushion assembling made from unification bolt with special bolt with high voltage Read More..

Part of Engine : Timing gear

Timing gear reduce the rotation from crankshaft gear. Timing gear move the energy to camshaft. Camshaft move cam for open and close the valve.The speed of camshaft is half of speed of crankshaft. Read More..

Part of Engine : Torsion / Piston pen

Torsion / Piston pen made from mix hard steel. Torsion /piston place located on piston. Torsion / piston pen use to transfer energy from piston connection rod / activator rod. Read More..

Part of Engine : Piston

Piston is a part of an engine. Piston can go up / down in cylinder. Piston can go down because of high pressure air. The energy from piston continue with connecting rod and crankshaft. Piston made from mix of aluminum or from pour steel. Pour steel piston is easily for expansion control. Piston ring use for divider between piston with cylinder. Read More..

Part of Engine : Cylinder

Cylinder has soft surface. So, the piston can go up / down easily. Cylinder made from pour steel. Usually, cylinder integral with cylinder block. Cooler water located on the surrounding area of cylinder for decrease heat. Each of the cylinder has a piston Read More..

Part of Engine : Cylinder Block

Cylinder block, placed for install fuel injector, distributor, oil pump, water pump, oil filter, and coupling house. It’s also for hold back camshaft cushion and cam lever on place. Cylinder block is a main component from engine. Cylinder block made from pour iron or steel. Other engine parts place on cylinder block. The cylinder hole surface made soft and slick. Water jacket as place of cooler water located an surrounding area of cylinder. On the bottom of Read More..

Engine

This is engine image and its parts. On this image is petrol engine. Diesel engine is different on combustion type. On diesel engine, there isn't spark plug. Read More..

Combustion Type : Spark Plug Engine

Spark Plug engine use petrol or Liquid Petroleum Gas. Combustion do with spark plug. The procedure of spark plug engine combustion is :

- The fuel mix with air, so they can on fire easily.

- The mix go into combustion chamber.

- They will compress in combustion chamber.

- Spark plug produce fire to burn the mixed.

- The combustion will make hot, so the gas expand, and make a high pressure. So, the piston go down and move the crankshaft. That produce mechanic energy

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Combustion type : Compression Combustion Engine (Diesel)

Compression Combustion Engine (diesel) engine use solar diesel fuel. The diesel fuel will burn on high temperature.

- Air go into combustion chamber.

- Air compress for high temperature.

- The fuel will inject from fuel injector go into hot pressure air.

- The fuel will burn

- The combustion will make hot and the pisto will go down. That produce mechanic energy.

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Engine Type : Rotary engine

Rotary engine use one or more triangular rotor. Rotary engine is bad in fuel consumption. Rotary engine seldom to use. But, sometimes cars use rotary engine.

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Engine Type : Torsion / Piston Engine

Torsion / piston engine type is a type of engine .Almost al car use torsion / piston engine type. On torsion / piston engine type, the piston move up and down

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V Engine Shape

V engine is a type of engine, which design to reduce the vibration. V engine use so the car is comfort to run fast

V engine is an engine shape like "V". The cylinder designed not vertically, but it designed diagonally.

V engine is usually used for race cars, supercar, roadster, and others. They need to run fast, so they use V engine type. They use V engine because the vibration on V engine is more little than in-line engine. So V engine But, sometimes there are sedan or MPV that used V engine type, especially big cars.

V engine has many variants, like V-6, V-8, V-12. V-6 means that the machine shape is V an its has 6 Cylinders, V-8 means that the machine shape is V an its has 8 Cylinders, and from now on.

V engine type is good for racing or if you need high speed car, because the V engine vibration is little. But the price is higher than in-line engine

Many racing use V engine like Formula 1, Nascar, Champ Car, and others

If you use for high speed you can choose car with V engine type. If you need cars only in the city, better if you choose in-line type, because usually in-line engine with the same litre size is more cheap.

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In Line Engine Shape

In line type engine is the most used in the world. The cylinder position is straight / horizontal. In line engine type is better in fuel consumption than other engine type. Up to now, in line engine type is on expand.

Usually cars use in line engine type. In line engine is good in fuel consumption and more good for environment.

In line engine has many variants, like in line - 4, in line - 6. in line – 4 means that the machine shape is in line an its has 4 Cylinders, in line - 6 means that the machine shape is in line an its has 6 Cylinders, and from now on.

In line engine type is good for daily used in city, but for race is not good.?

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Hybrid Engine System

Hybrid Engine System is an engine system. It use combined petrol engine and electric motor. So, that can economical the fuel. There are some type of engine system.

This engine system has used from around 1970. This engine system can is better in fuel consumption and emission.

Now, this engine system is on expand, for better fuel consumption and emission.

There are some kinds of hybrid cars. There are:

- Serie Hybrid (1 motor and clutch). It consists from one engine and one electric motor.The engine output use for charge the battery and for move the electric motor . The electric motor use to move the wheel drive (WD) and charge the battery. For high acceleration, example for slope upward and for overtake, the electric motor work with helpfrom engine.

-Parallel Hybrid (1engine and 1 motor). It consists from 1 engine and 1 electric motor. They conneted parallelly. They work together. The electric motor use when need more torque, example for slope upward and overtake.

-Combined of Serie Hybrid and Parallel Hybrid. It consists from 1 engine and 2 electric motor. They work by turns appropriate with need. The engine used for move the wheel drive and for charge the battery. This hybrid system is better in fuel consumption then two hybrid system above.

For use in the city, better to use the combined of serie and parallell hybrid system than serie or parallel. But for use outside city, better to use parallell/serie system because need more acceleration.

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